Ocean Science www.ocean-sci.net 1812-0784 1812-0792 5 4 2009 10.5194/os-5-697-2009 http://www.ocean-sci.net/5/697/2009/ http://www.ocean-sci.net/5/697/2009/os-5-697-2009.html http://www.ocean-sci.net/5/697/2009/os-5-697-2009.pdf 697 710 2009-12-17 Electrochemical techniques and sensors for ocean research G. Denuault gd@soton.ac.uk School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK This paper presents a review of applications of electrochemical methods in ocean sensing. It follows the white paper presented at the OceanSensors08 workshop held at the Leibniz-Institut für Ostseeforschung, Warnemünde, Germany, from 31 March to 4 April 2008. The principles of electrochemical techniques are briefly recalled and described. For each technique, relevant electrochemical sensors are discussed; known successful deployments of electrochemical sensors are recalled; challenges experienced when taking sensors from the research lab to the field are raised; future trends in development and applications are proposed and assessed for their potential for oceanographic applications; where possible technological readiness levels are estimated. The document is supported with references drawn from both the electrochemical and oceanographic literature. % vor jede Referenz Abdelsalam, M. E., Denuault, G., Baldo, M. A., Bragato, C., and Daniele, S.: Detection of hydroxide ions in aqueous solutions by steady- state voltammetry, Electroanal, 13, 289–294, 2001. Abdelsalam, M. E., Denuault, G., and Daniele, S.: Calibrationless determination of cadmium, lead and copper in rain samples by stripping voltammetry at mercury microelectrodes - Effect of natural convection on the deposition step, Anal. Chim. Acta, 452, 65–75, 2002. 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