Ocean Science
www.ocean-sci.net
1812-0784
1812-0792
6
1
2010
10.5194/os-6-3-2010
http://www.ocean-sci.net/6/3/2010/
http://www.ocean-sci.net/6/3/2010/os-6-3-2010.html
http://www.ocean-sci.net/6/3/2010/os-6-3-2010.pdf
3
24
2010-01-18
Density and Absolute Salinity of the Baltic Sea 2006–2009
R. Feistel
rainer.feistel@io-warnemuende.de
S. Weinreben
H. Wolf
S. Seitz
P. Spitzer
B. Adel
G. Nausch
B. Schneider
D. G. Wright
Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research, 18119 Warnemünde, Germany
Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany
Bedford Institute of Oceanography, Dartmouth, NS, Canada
The brackish water of the Baltic Sea is a mixture of ocean water from the
Atlantic/North Sea with fresh water from various rivers draining a large
area of lowlands and mountain ranges. The evaporation-precipitation balance
results in an additional but minor excess of fresh water. The rivers carry
different loads of salts washed out of the ground, in particular calcium
carbonate, which cause a composition anomaly of the salt dissolved in the
Baltic Sea in comparison to Standard Seawater. Directly measured seawater
density shows a related anomaly when compared to the density computed from
the equation of state as a function of Practical Salinity, temperature and
pressure.
<br><br>
Samples collected from different regions of the Baltic Sea during 2006–2009 were
analysed for their density anomaly. The results obtained for the
river load deviate significantly from similar measurements carried out forty
years ago; the reasons for this decadal variability are not yet fully
understood. An empirical formula is derived which estimates Absolute from
Practical Salinity of Baltic Sea water, to be used in conjunction with the
new Thermodynamic Equation of Seawater 2010 (TEOS-10), endorsed by
IOC/UNESCO in June 2009 as the substitute for the 1980 International
Equation of State, EOS-80. Our routine measurements of the samples were
accompanied by studies of additional selected properties which are reported
here: conductivity, density, chloride, bromide and sulphate content, total
CO<sub>2</sub> and alkalinity.
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