Funkquist, L.: HIROMB, an operational eddy-resolving model for the Baltic Sea, Bulletin of the Maritime Institute in Gdansk, 28, 7–16, 2001.
Galperin, B., Kantha, L. H., Hassid, S., and Rosati, A.: A quasi-equilibrium turbulent energy model for geophysical flows, J. Atmos. Sci., 45, 55–62, 1988.
Gaspar, P., Gregoris, Y., and Lefevre, J.-M.: A simple eddy kinetic energy model for simulations of the oceanic vertical mixing: Tests at station Papa and long-term upper ocean study site, J. Geophys. Res., 95, 16179–16193, 1990.
Hankimo, J.: Some computations of the energy exchange between the sea and the atmosphere in the Baltic area, Finnish Meteorological Office Contributions, 57, 26 pp., 1964.
Holt, J. and Umlauf, L.: Modelling the tidal mixing fronts and seasonal stratification of the Northwest European Continental Shelf, Cont. Shelf Res., 28, 887–903, 2008.
Hordoir, R., Dieterich, C., Basu, C., Dietze, H., and Meier, H. E. M.: Freshwater outflow of the Baltic Sea and transport in the Norwegian current: A statistical correlation analysis based on a numerical experiment, Cont. Shelf Res., 64, 1–9, 2013.
Hordoir, R., Axell, L., Loptien, U., Dietze, H., and Kuznetsov, I.: Influence of sea level rise on the dynamics of salt inflows in the Baltic Sea, J. Geophys. Res. Oceans, 120, 6653–6668, 2015.
Kolmogorov, A. N.: The equation of turbulent motion in an incompressible fluid, Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR Seriya Fizicheskaya, 6, 56–58, 1942.
Laine, A. O., Andersin, A.-B., Leinio, S., and Zuur, A. F.: Stratification-induced hypoxia as a structuring factor of macrozoobenthos in the open Gulf of Finland (Baltic Sea), J. Sea Res., 57, 65–77, 2007.
Liblik, T. and Lips, U.: Variability of synoptic-scale quasi-stationary thermohaline stratification patterns in the Gulf of Finland in summer 2009, Ocean Sci., 8, 603–614, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-8-603-2012, 2012.
Lips, U., Lips, I., Liblik, T., and Elken, J.: Estuarine transport versus vertical movement and mixing of water masses in the Gulf of Finland (Baltic Sea), in: US/EU-Baltic International Simposium, 2008 IEEE/OES, 1–8, https://doi.org/10.1109/BALTIC.2008.4625535, Tallinn, 27–29 May 2008.
Lips, U., Lips, I., Liblik, T., and Kuvaldina, N.: Processes responsible for the formation and maintenance of sub-surface chlorophyll maxima in the Gulf of Finland, Estuar. Coast Shelf S., 88, 339–349, 2010.
Liu, H. and Holt, J. T.: Combination of the Vertical PPM Advection Scheme with the Existing Horizontal Advection Schemes in NEMO, MyOcean Science Days, available at: http://mercator-myoceanv2.netaktiv.com/MSD2010/Abstract/AbstractLIUhedongMSD2010.doc (last access: 1 June 2013), 2010.
Madec, G.: NEMO ocean engine, Note du Pôle de modélisation, Institut Pierre-Simon Laplace (IPSL), Paris, France, No. 27, ISSN No. 1288–1619, 2012.
Madec, G., Delecluse, P., Imbard, M., and Levy, C.: OPA 8.1 Ocean General Circulation Model reference manual, Note du Pole de modelisation, Institut Pierre-Simon Laplace (IPSL), Paris, France, No. 11, 91 pp., 1998.
Maximov, A. A.: Causes of the bottom hypoxia in the eastern part of the Gulf of Finland in the Baltic Sea, Oceanology, 46, 204–210, 2006.
MODIS SST: available at: https://podaac.jpl.nasa.gov, last access: 1 February 2015.
Myrberg, K., Ryabchenko, V., Isaev, A., Vankevich, R., Andrejev, O., Bendtsen, J., Erichsen, A., Funkquist, L., Inkala, A., Neelov, I., Rasmus, K., Medina, M. R., Raudsepp, U., Passenko, J., Soderkvist, J., Sokolov, A., Kuosa, H., Anderson, T. R., Lehmann, A., and Skogen, M. D.: Validation of three-dimensional hydrodynamic models of the Gulf of Finland, Boreal Environ. Res., 15, 453–479, 2010.
Rantajarvi, E., Gran, V., Hällfors, S., and Olsonen, R.: Effects of environmental factors on the phytoplankton community in the Gulf of Finland – unattended high frequency measurements and multivariate analyses, Hydrobiologia, 363, 127–139, 1998.
Rodi, W.: Examples of calculation methods for flow and mixing in stratified Fluids, J. Geophys. Res., 92, 5305–5328, 1987.
Sokolov, A.: Modelling of submesoscale dynamics in the Gulf of Finland (Baltic Sea), Geophysical Research Abstracts Vol. 15, EGU2013–9646, General Assembly, Vienna, Austria, 2013.
Soomere, T., Myrberg, K., Leppäranta, M., and Nekrasov, A.: The progress in knowledge of physical oceanography of the Gulf of Finland: a review for 1997–2007, Oceanologia, 50, 287–362, 2008.
Stalnacke, P., Grimvall, A., Sundblad, K., and Tonderski, A.: Estimation of riverine loads of nitrogen and phosphorus to the Baltic Sea 1970–1993, Environ. Monit. Assess., 58, 173–200, 1999.
Stepputtis, D., Hinrichsen, H.-H., Bottcher, U., Gotze, E., and Mohrholz, V.: An example of meso-scale hydrographic features in the central Baltic Sea and their influence on the distribution and vertical migration of sprat,
Sprattus sprattus balticus (Schn.), Fish. Oceanogr., 20, 82–88, 2011.
Thomas, L., Tandon, A., and Mahadevan, A.: Submesoscale ocean processes and dynamics, in: Ocean Modeling in an Eddying Regime, edited by: Hecht, M. and Hasume, H., Geophysical Monograph 177, American Geophysical Union, Washington DC, 217–228, 2007.
Tuomi, L., Myrberg, K., and Lehmann, A.: The performance of different vertical turbulence parameterizations in modelling the development of the seasonal thermocline in the Gulf of Finland, Geophysical Research Abstracts Vol. 15, EGU2013-8229, General Assembly, Vienna, Austria, 2013.
Umlauf, L.: Modelling the effects of horizontal and vertical shear in stratified turbulent flows, Deep-Sea Res. Pt. II, 52, 1181–201, 2005.
Umlauf, L. and Burchard, H.: Second-order turbulence closure models for geophysical boundary layers, a review of recent work, Cont. Shelf Res., 25, 795–827, 2005.
Zhurbas, V., Laanemets, J., and Vahtera, E.: Modeling of the mesoscale structure of coupled upwelling/downwelling events and the related input of nutrients to the upper mixed layer in the Gulf of Finland, Baltic Sea, J. Geophys. Res., 113, C05004, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007JC004280, 2008.