Gan, J., and Qu, T.: Coastal jet separation and associated flow variability in the southwest South China Sea, Deep-Sea Res Pt. I, 55, 1–19, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr.2007.09.008, 2008.
Holbrook, W. S., Paramo, P., Pearse, S., and Schmitt, R. W.: Thermohaline fine structure in an oceanographic front from seismic reflection profiling, Science, 301, 821–824, 2003.
Holbrook, W. S. and Fer, I.: Ocean internal wave spectra inferred from seismic reflection transects, Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, L15604, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005gl023733, 2005.
Holbrook, W. S., Fer, I., and Schmitt, R. W.: Images of internal tides near the Norwegian continental slope, Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, L00D10, https://doi.org/10.1029/2009gl038909, 2009.
Hu, J. Y., Gan, J. P., Sun, Z. Y., Zhu, J., and Dai, M. H.: Observed three-dimensional structure of a cold eddy in the southwestern South China Sea, J. Geophys. Res., 116, C05016, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010jc006810, 2011.
Huang, X. H., Song, H. B., Dong, C. Z., and Bai, Y.: Seismic oceanography research on the eddy and water movement in the South China Sea, The Chinese Geophysics, 26th annuall meeting of Chinese Geophysics Society, Ningbo, China, abstract #52, 2010.
Isobe, A. and Namba, T.: The circulation in the upper and intermediate layers of the South China Sea, J. Oceanogr., 57, 93–104, 2001.
Li, F. Q., Li, L., Wang, X. Q., and Liu, C. L.: Water masses in the South China Sea and water exchange between the Pacific and the South China Sea, Journal of Ocean University of Qingdao, 1, 19–24, 2002.
Lindstrom, E., Lukas, R., Fine, R., Firing, E., Godfrey, S., Meyers, G., and Tsuchiya, M.: The Western Equatorial Pacific-Ocean Circulation Study, Nature, 330, 533–537, 1987.
Lukas, R.: The Termination of the Equatorial Undercurrent in the Eastern Pacific, Prog. Oceanogr., 16, 63–90, https://doi.org/10.1016/0079-6611(86)90007-8, 1986.
Montes, I., Colas, F., Capet, X., and Schneider, W.: On the pathways of the equatorial subsurface currents in the eastern equatorial Pacific and their contributions to the Peru-Chile Undercurrent, J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans, 115, C09003, https://doi.org/10.1029/2009jc005710, 2010.
Nakamura, Y., Noguchi, T., Tsuji, T., Itoh, S., Niino, H., and Matsuoka, T.: Simultaneous seismic reflection and physical oceanographic observations of oceanic fine structure in the Kuroshio extension front, Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L23605, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006gl027437, 2006.
Nan, F., He, Z. G., Zhou, H., and Wang, D. X.: Three long-lived anticyclonic eddies in the northern South China Sea, J. Geophys. Res., 116, C05002, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010jc006790, 2011.
Nandi, P., Holbrook, W. S., Pearse, S., Paramo, P., and Schmitt, R. W.: Seismic reflection imaging of water mass boundaries in the Norwegian Sea, Geophys. Res. Lett., 31, L23311, https://doi.org/10.1029/2004gl021325, 2004.
Pierce, S. D., Smith, R. L., Kosro, P. M., Barth, J. A., and Wilson, C. D.: Continuity of the poleward undercurrent along the eastern boundary of the mid-latitude north Pacific, Deep-Sea Res Pt. II, 47, 811–829, 2000.
Pinheiro, L. M., Song, H. B., Ruddick, B., Dubert, J., Ambar, I., Mustafa, K., and Bezerra, R.: Detailed 2-D imaging of the Mediterranean outflow and meddies off W Iberia from multichannel seismic data, J. Mar. Syst., 79, 89–100, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmarsys.2009.07.004, 2010.
Qu, T. D.: Upper-layer circulation in the South China Sea, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 30, 1450–1460, 2000.
Quentel, E., Carton, X., Gutscher, M. A., and Hobbs, R.: Detecting and characterizing mesoscale and submesoscale structures of Mediterranean water from joint seismic and hydrographic measurements in the Gulf of Cadiz, Geophys. Res. Lett., 37, L06604, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010gl042766, 2010.
Quentel, E., Carton, X., and Gutscher, M. A.: Structure and temporal variability of Mediterranean Water in hydrological and marine seismic data south of Portimao Canyon (Gulf of Cadiz), from 1999 to 2002, Int. J. Geosci., 2, 185–194, https://doi.org/10.4236/ijg.2011.23020, 2011.
Ruddick, B., Song, H. B., Dong, C. Z., and Pinheiro, L.: Water column seismic images as maps of temperature gradient, Oceanography, 22, 192–205, 2009.
Sheen, K. L., White, N. J., and Hobbs, R. W.: Estimating mixing rates from seismic images of oceanic structure, Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, L00D04, https://doi.org/10.1029/2009gl040106, 2009.
Song, H. B., Pinheiro, L. M., Ruddick, B., and Teixeira, F. C.: Meddy, spiral arms, and mixing mechanisms viewed by seismic imaging in the Tagus Abyssal Plain (SW Iberia), J. Mar. Res., 69, 827–842, 2011.
Takikawa, T., Ichikawa, H., Ichikawa, K., and Kawae, S.: Extraordinary subsurface mesoscale eddy detected in the southeast of Okinawa in February 2002, Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, L17602, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005gl023842, 2005.
Tang, Q. S. and Zheng, C.: Thermohaline structures across the Luzon Strait from seismic reflection data, Dyn. Atmos. Oceans, 51, 99–113, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dynatmoce.2011.02.001, 2011.
Vsemirnova, E. A., Hobbs, R. W., and Hosegood, P.: Mapping turbidity layers using seismic oceanography methods, Ocean Sci., 8, 11–18, https://doi.org/10.5194/Os-8-11-2012, 2012.
Wang, C. Z.: Subthermocline tropical cells and equatorial subsurface countercurrents, Deep-Sea Res Pt. I, 52, 123–135, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr.2004.08.009, 2005.
Wang, D. X., Chen, J., Chen, R. Y., Zhu, B. C., Guo, X. G., Xu, J. D., and Wu, R. S.: Hydrographic and circulation characteristics in middle and southern South China sea in summer, 2000, Oceanologia et Limnologia Sinica, 35, 97–109, 2004. (in Chinese)
Wang, G. H., Su, J. L., and Chu, P. C.: Mesoscale eddies in the South China Sea observed with altimeter data, Geophys. Res. Lett., 30, 2121, https://doi.org/10.1029/2003gl018532, 2003.
Wang, G. H., Chen, D. K., and Su, J. L.: Generation and life cycle of the dipole in the South China Sea summer circulation, J. Geophys. Res., 111, C06002, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005jc003314, 2006.
Xie, L. L., Tian, J. W., Zhang, S. W., Zhang, Y. W., and Yang, Q. X.: An anticyclonic eddy in the intermediate layer of the Luzon Strait in Autumn 2005, J. Oceanogr., 67, 37–46, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10872-011-0004-9, 2011.
Xiu, P., Chai, F., Shi, L., Xue, H. J., and Chao, Y.: A census of eddy activities in the South China Sea during 1993-2007, J. Geophys. Res., 115, C03012, https://doi.org/10.1029/2009jc005657, 2010.
You, Y. Z., Chern, C. S., Yang, Y., Liu, C. T., Liu, K. K., and Pai, S. C.: The South China Sea, a
cul-de-sac of North Pacific Intermediate Water, J. Oceanogr., 61, 509–527, 2005.
